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| ==English== | | ==English== |
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| ===Alternative forms===
| | '''Original Entry:''' |
| * {{alt|en|catabasis}}
| | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/katabasis View on Wiktionary] |
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| ===Etymology===
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| From {{uder|en|grc|κατάβασις}}, from verb {{m|grc|καταβαίνω|pos=from {{af|grc|κατά|t1=downwards|βαίνω|t2=go|nocat=1}}}}.
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| ===Pronunciation=== | | ===Alternative Forms=== |
| * {{enPR|kətă'bəsis}}, {{IPA|en|/kəˈtæbəsɪs/}} | | * catabasis |
| * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-katabasis.wav|a=Southern England}}
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| * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-katabasis.wav|a=GA}}
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| ===Noun===
| | ---- |
| {{en-noun|~|katabases}}
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| # {{lb|en|mythology|literature}} A [[mytheme]] or [[trope]] in which the [[hero]] embarks on a journey to the [[underworld]].
| | ===Etymology=== |
| #* {{quote-book|en|year=1923|author=Georges Berguer|translator=E. S. Brooks; Van Wyck Brooks|title=Some aspects of the life of Jesus from the psychological and psycho-analytic point of view|page=58|text=The ancient Greeks and the peoples of remote antiquity already knew of journeys of the soul, but these were often journeys to the infernal regions, descents into hell, '''catabases''', with obstacles, such as encounters with various monsters, menaces of all sorts, the crossing of the bridge of the dead or the passage of mysterious rivers on foot or on horseback.}}
| | From Ancient Greek ''κατάβασις'' (katábasis), from ''καταβαίνω'' (“to go down”), from ''κατά'' (“down”) + ''βαίνω'' (“to go”). |
| #* {{quote-book|en|year=2009|author=James Ker|title=The Deaths of Seneca|page=136|text=The logic of the underworld is most on show in the ''Phaedra'' and the ''Hercules'' [of Seneca], which feature the returns of Theseus and Hercules from their '''katabases'''.}}
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| #* {{quote-book|en|year=2010|author=P. Martin; Anne Rowe|title=Iris Murdoch: A Literary Life|page=84|text=Willy, the concentration camp survivor who has experienced more evil than any other character, places no value on '''catabasis'''. When asked (in connection with ''Aeneid'' VI) 'Do you think everyone ought to descend to the underworld?', he replies briskly, 'Certainly not! It's very dark and stuffy and one is more likely to feel frightened than to learn anything.{{...}}'}}
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| #* {{quote-book|en|year=2013|author=Russell J.A. Kilbourn|title=Cinema, Memory, Modernity:The Representation of Memory from the Art Film to Transnational Cinema|chapter=Introduction|page=31|text=Therefore, Erling Holtsmark's point that literary-mythic '''katabasis''' captures “the imagined physical orientation of the other world relative to this one” (25), is superseded in a post-mythic, ostensibly secular worldview by a journey that takes place within an underworld that is an exteriorized 'projection' of a protagonist's putative interior world, the domain especially of the unconscious, memory and dream.}}
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| # {{lb|en|by extension|jocular}} Any [[journey]] [[downwards]] or [[fall]].
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| #* {{quote-journal|en|year=1842|month=February|journal=Yale Literary Magazine|volume=7|issue=4|title=The Man in the Moon|page=205|text=''How'' did the man in the moon come down? The distance between the earth and moon is by no means inconsiderable, and other obstacles “too tedious to mention,” lie in the way of this famous '''Catabasis''', which his lunar majesty is declared to have performed.}}
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| # A [[retreat]], especially a [[military]] one.
| | ===Pronunciation=== |
| #: {{ant|en|anabasis}}
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| # A journey from the [[interior]] of a country to the coast.
| | * IPA: /kəˈtæbəsɪs/ |
| | * Approximate: kuh-TAB-uh-sis |
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| # {{lb|en|rare}} The presence of [[downward]] ([[drainage]] or [[katabatic]]) winds.
| | ====Transliterations==== |
| | * Katakana: カタバシス (katabashisu) |
| | * Hangul: 커태버시스 (keo-tae-beo-si-seu) |
| | * Zhuyin: ㄎㄚ ㄊㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄙㄧ ㄙ (approximate phonetic rendering) |
| | * Cyrillic: катабасис (katabasis) |
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| ====In media==== | | ===Noun=== |
| * {{w|Odyssey|''The Odyssey''}}, Book 11 — Odysseus’s descent into the underworld (a classic katabasis).
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| * Audiobook: [https://librivox.org/the-odyssey-version-3-by-homer/ The Odyssey (LibriVox)]
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| * Original dictionary entry: [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/katabasis Wiktionary: katabasis]
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| ====Antonyms====
| | '''katabasis''' (plural: ''katabases'') |
| * [[anabasis]]
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| ====Translations====
| | # (Mythology, Literature) A narrative motif or trope in which a hero descends into the underworld. |
| {{trans-top|all senses}}
| | # (By extension, jocular) Any journey downward or fall. |
| * French: {{t+|fr|catabase|f}}
| | # A retreat, especially a military one. (Antonym: [[anabasis]]) |
| * Italian: {{t|it|catabasi|f}}
| | # A journey from the interior of a country to the coast. |
| * Latin: {{t|la|catabasis|f}}
| | # (Rare) The presence of downward (drainage or katabatic) winds. |
| * Occitan: {{t|oc|catabasi|f}}
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| * Polish: {{t+|pl|katabasis|f}}, {{t+|pl|katabaza|f}}
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| * Sicilian: {{t|scn|catàbbasi|f}}
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| * Spanish: {{t|es|catábasis|f}}
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| {{trans-bottom}}
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| {{C|en|Mythology|Military}}
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| ==Polish== | | ==Walkthrough Video== |
| {{wp|pl:}} | | {{#ev:youtube|96pNYqWiHfU|640|center}} |
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| ===Etymology===
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| {{ubor|pl|grc|κατάβασις}}.
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| ===Pronunciation=== | | ==In Media== |
| {{pl-pr|katabas-is}}
| | * ''The Odyssey'', Book 11 — Odysseus’s descent into the underworld (a classic katabasis). |
| | | * Audiobook: [https://librivox.org/the-odyssey-version-3-by-homer/ The Odyssey (LibriVox)] |
| ===Noun===
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| {{pl-noun|f|indecl=yes}}
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| # {{lb|pl|literature|mythology}} {{l|en|katabasis}} {{gl|mytheme or trope in which the hero embarks on a journey to the underworld}}
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| #: {{syn|pl|katabaza}}
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| ====Related terms====
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| {{col|pl|title=adjective|katabatyczny}}
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| ===Further reading===
| | [[Category:English nouns]] |
| * {{R:pl:PWN}}
| | [[Category:Mythology]] |
| | [[Category:Literary terms]] |
| | [[Category:Military terms]] |